Course Content
Introduction
Here is what to expect
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Unit 1A: Purpose and Technique (50%) (Purpose)
A. Purpose of radiographic images 1. Periapical 2. Bitewing 3. Full mouth series 4. Occlusal 5. Full-mouth survey 6. Panoramic 7. Cephalometric 8. CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography) B. Technique 1. Review patient medical and dental histories for contraindications, including medications. 2. Intraoral techniques, including error correction. a. Paralleling b. Bisecting angle 3. Extraoral techniques, including error correction. a. Panoramic b. Cephalometric c. CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography) basics 4. Technique modifications based on anatomical variations and clinical conditions. 5. Purpose and maintenance of radiographic equipment. 6. Patient management techniques. 7. Mounting and anatomical landmarks that aid in mounting. 8. Anatomical structures and dental materials observed on images (e.g., differentiating between radiolucent and radiopaque areas). 9. Features of a diagnostically acceptable image. 10. Prepare images for legal requirements (e.g., HIPAA).
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Unit 2A: Radiation production (25%)
Radiation production. 1. Sources of radiation for operators/other staff during radiation production. 2. Factors affecting x-ray production (e.g., kVp, mA, exposure time). 3. Radiation characteristics. 4. Radiation physics. a. Primary. b. Scatter (secondary). 5. Radiation biology. a. Short-and long-term effects of radiation on cells and tissues. b. Concepts of radiation dose.
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Unit 2B: Radiation Safety
Radiation safety. 1. Causes of unnecessary exposure to radiation. 2. Patient exposure to radiation (ALARA, ADA recommendations). 3. Factors that influence radiation safety (e.g., filtration, shielding, collimation, PID length). 4. Patient radiation concerns. 5. Informed consent or patient refusal for exposure to radiation. 6. Protocol for suspected x-ray machine malfunctions.
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Unit 3A: Standard precautions for equipment and supplies (25%)
Standard precautions for equipment and supplies according to ADA, CDC and OSHA, including but not limited to: 1. breakdown and setup of treatment room. 2. barriers. 3. position indicating and beam alignment devices. 4. clinical contact surfaces. 5. critical and semi-critical instrument sterilization
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Unit 3B: Standard precautions for patients and operators
Standard precautions for patients and operators according to ADA, CDC and OSHA, including but not limited to: 1. hand hygiene. 2. PPE (donning, doffing). 3. cross contamination.
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Vocabulary Terms
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Practice Exams
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RHS Exam Prep

Purpose of Radiographic Images

Module 1: Purpose and Technique (50% of DANB Exam)

Radiographic imaging is the “eyes” of the dental practice. To pass the RHS exam, you must go beyond just taking the picture; you must understand why a specific image is chosen for a specific diagnostic need.

1. Intraoral Radiographs (The Detail Seekers)

🦷 Periapical (PA)

Primary Purpose: Shows the entire tooth from the occlusal surface to the apex (root tip) plus 2-3mm of surrounding bone.

  • Detecting abscesses (periapical pathology).
  • Evaluating root health and fractures.
  • Endodontic (Root Canal) planning.
Exam Tip: If the question mentions an “Apex” or “Root Canal,” the answer is almost always a Periapical.

🥪 Bitewing (BWX)

Primary Purpose: Shows the crowns of both upper and lower teeth on one image.

  • Detecting interproximal caries (cavities between teeth).
  • Monitoring crestal bone levels (Periodontal health).
  • Checking the fit of crowns or fillings.

Full Mouth Series (FMX)

A comprehensive “map” typically consisting of 14-20 images (PAs and BWs) for initial evaluation of a new patient.

Occlusal

Used to find impacted teeth, foreign bodies, or salivary stones. Uses a size #4 sensor/film.

2. Extraoral Radiographs (The Surveyors)

🎥 Panoramic (Pano)

A wide-view “landscape” of the entire jaw and facial structures.

  • Locating impacted wisdom teeth.
  • Evaluating growth and development.
  • Detecting large lesions or jaw fractures.

Note: Panoramics are NOT used for detecting fine cavities or root details.

⚡ CBCT (Cone Beam 3D)

The “Gold Standard” for modern specialty dentistry.

  • Implant Placement: Accurate measurements of bone volume.
  • Oral Surgery: Seeing the exact relationship between roots and nerves.
ALARA Reminder: CBCT has a higher radiation dose. Only use when 2D imaging isn’t enough!

Quick Summary Table

If you need to see… Use this Image:
Cavities between teeth Bitewing
Abscess at the root tip Periapical
Wisdom tooth position Panoramic
3D Bone Volume for Implants CBCT
Exercise Files
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